One clear question about a legal basis, a procedural sequence, or how to treat a particular cost. This kind is usually answered in the first reply.
A situation touching several instruments, several dates, or requiring the contract and acceptance records to be read together. We give a preliminary answer first, then arrange a discussion if needed.
Reviewing the complete file before it goes for settlement, or reconstructing the map of which instruments applied when, for a project that has run many years. This has its own scope and timetable.
Beyond answering questions, we take on nine pieces of work around the financial and governance side of an urban railway project. Each card explains what we do, on what basis, and what you receive.
All nine fall under Clause 2, Article 40 of the Law on Independent Audit and must pass an independence check before signing — the detail is on the Services page.
A cash-flow model for TOD land under Article 25 of the Law on Railways: collection schedule, the share the province keeps, and sensitivity to land prices and timing.
View details →A whole-life financial plan for the line: capital cost, operating subsidy, TOD revenue, the provincial budget it requires each year, and sensitivity analysis.
View details →Comparing and combining funding sources for the line — budget, ODA, private capital and PPP: who carries which risk, and what each source really costs.
View details →Selecting comparable projects and converting foreign investment rates and norms to the valuation date under Article 32, with the reasoning needed to defend the file.
View details →Spending rules, separation of duties and checkpoints between measurement and payment for the project management unit, designed backwards from what settlement will demand.
View details →Rules for creating, coding, storing and handing over settlement records from the very first contract package — for a project that runs eight to twelve years.
View details →Reorganising when the line moves from construction to operation: asset handover, the operating company’s structure, and the subsidy formula.
View details →Foreign contractor tax on rolling stock and signalling, VAT treatment under ODA, and the investment incentives the Law on Railways already provides.
View details →Training built from the unit’s own files, not a ready-made syllabus: settlement, cost control, payment documentation and preparing for an audit.
View details →We treat everything you send as confidential. We do not name your project or your organisation in any public material. Where a question becomes a general lesson worth publishing, we rewrite it so that no project can be identified.
We do not give a legal opinion — an audit firm may not provide legal services. We do not comment on the work of another auditor or consultant on a project we have not examined. And we do not give an opinion on a question that turns on documents we have not read.